側柏

出自台灣有毒中草藥毒性資料庫

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{{:模板:基本資料|1=柏科Cupressaceae|2=側柏屬|3= 'Thuja'|4=側柏|5=''Platycladus orientalis'' (L.) Franco.
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{{:模板:基本資料|1=柏科Cupressaceae|2=側柏屬|3= 'Thuja'|4=側柏|5=
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''Platycladus orientalis'' (L.) Franco.
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''Biota orientalis'' (L.) Endl.
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*''Biota orientalis'' (L.) Endl.
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*''Thuja orientalis'' L.
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''Thuja orientalis'' L.
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|6=Chinese Arbor vitae, oriental Arbor Vitae|7=柏樹、扁柏、香柏、扁檜、黃心柏、香樹}}
|6=Chinese Arbor vitae, oriental Arbor Vitae|7=柏樹、扁柏、香柏、扁檜、黃心柏、香樹}}
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*6. 神經保護作用(neuroprotective)[7]</font> <font size=4>
*6. 神經保護作用(neuroprotective)[7]</font> <font size=4>
**在0.1-10 μM之間,(–)-savinin, (–)-hinokinin, dehydroheliobuphthalmin都能顯著的有效抑制glutamine引起的神經傷害。</font>
**在0.1-10 μM之間,(–)-savinin, (–)-hinokinin, dehydroheliobuphthalmin都能顯著的有效抑制glutamine引起的神經傷害。</font>
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== '''毒性研究''' ==  
== '''毒性研究''' ==  
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1. 臺灣大百科全書 側柏. http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/web/content?ID=25135
1. 臺灣大百科全書 側柏. http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/web/content?ID=25135
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2. Fan SY, Zeng HW, Pei YH et al. The anti-inflammatory activities of an extract and compounds isolated from Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco in vitro and ex vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2012; 141: 647-652.
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2. Fan SY, Zeng HW, Pei YH et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21619922 The anti-inflammatory activities of an extract and compounds isolated from Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco in vitro and ex vivo.] ''Journal of Ethnopharmacology'' 2012; 141: 647-652.
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3. Kim CS, Choi SU, Lee KR. Three new diterpenoids from the leaves of Thuja orientalis. Planta medica 2012; 78: 485-487.
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3. Kim CS, Choi SU, Lee KR. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22294263 Three new diterpenoids from the leaves of Thuja orientalis.] ''Planta medica'' 2012; 78: 485-487.
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4. Lee MK, Yang H, Yoon JS et al. Antifibrotic activity of diterpenes from Biota orientalis leaves on hepatic stellate cells. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31: 866-871.
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4. Lee MK, Yang H, Yoon JS et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18704328 Antifibrotic activity of diterpenes from Biota orientalis leaves on hepatic stellate cells.] ''Archives of Pharmacal Research'' 2008; 31: 866-871.
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5. Guleria S, Kumar A, Tiku AK. Chemical composition and fungitoxic activity of essential oil of Thuja orientalis L. grown in the north-western Himalaya. Z Naturforsch C 2008; 63: 211-214.
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5. Guleria S, Kumar A, Tiku AK. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18533464 Chemical composition and fungitoxic activity of essential oil of Thuja orientalis L. grown in the north-western Himalaya.] ''Journal of Biosciences'' 2008; 63: 211-214.
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6. Xu GH, Ryoo IJ, Kim YH et al. Free radical scavenging and antielastase activities of flavonoids from the fruits of Thuja orientalis. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32: 275-282.
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6. Xu GH, Ryoo IJ, Kim YH et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19280159 Free radical scavenging and antielastase activities of flavonoids from the fruits of Thuja orientalis.] ''Archives of Pharmacal Research'' 2009; 32: 275-282.
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7. Yoon JS, Koo KA, Ma CJ et al. Neuroprotective Lignans from Biota orientalis leaves. Natural Product Sciences 2008; 14: 167-170.
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7. Yoon JS, Koo KA, Ma CJ et al. [http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=2010/KR/KR1001.xml;KR2009002563 Neuroprotective Lignans from Biota orientalis leaves.] ''Natural Product Sciences'' 2008; 14: 167-170.
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8. Millet Y, Jouglard J, Steinmetz MD et al. Toxicity of some essential plant oils. Clinical and experimental study. Clinical Toxicology 1981; 18: 1485-1498.
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8. Millet Y, Jouglard J, Steinmetz MD et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7333081 Toxicity of some essential plant oils. Clinical and experimental study.] ''Clinical Toxicology'' 1981; 18: 1485-1498.
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9. Fiorina A, Scordamaglia A, Fumagalli F et al. Aerobiological diagnosis of respiratory allergy by a personal sampler: two case reports. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2003; 13: 284-285.
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9. Fiorina A, Scordamaglia A, Fumagalli F et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14989120 Aerobiological diagnosis of respiratory allergy by a personal sampler: two case reports.] ''Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology'' 2003; 13: 284-285.
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在2012年10月30日 (二) 13:03所做的修訂版本

中英文學名 科別 毒性 症狀

基本資料

科別

柏科Cupressaceae

屬名

側柏屬 Thuja

中文學名

側柏

拉丁學名

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco.
  • Biota orientalis (L.) Endl.
  • Thuja orientalis L.

英文名稱

Chinese Arbor vitae, oriental Arbor Vitae

中文俗名

柏樹、扁柏、香柏、扁檜、黃心柏、香樹


植物圖片

側柏-莖05.JPG

側柏莖1

側柏-莖06.JPG

側柏莖2

側柏-葉0.jpg

側柏葉1

側柏-葉2.jpg

側柏葉2

側柏-實1.JPG

側柏果實

側柏00.jpg

側柏全株


側柏簡介

側柏原產於中國西部及北部,台灣引進作為造景之用。側柏主要是以葉及隻枝入藥,但兩者皆有毒性,人畜皆會中毒,主要是引起噁心嘔吐等作用,嚴重症狀可能產生肺水腫,肌肉痙攣,呼吸循環衰竭。中醫取其枝葉,用於利尿,止血及整腸健胃等[1]。


外觀簡述

株高 20 公尺,胸徑 1 公尺,樹皮淺灰色,條裂成薄片;枝條開展,小枝扁平,排列成複葉狀。

葉全為鱗片狀,長 0.1~0.3 公分,交互對生。

雌雄同株,球花生於枝頂;雄球花有 6 對交互對生的雄蕊,花藥 2~4;雌球花有 4 對交互對生的珠鱗,僅中間兩對珠鱗各有胚珠 1~2 枚。花期 4~5 月。

果實

毬果當年成熟,熟時開裂,卵球形,徑 1.5~2 公分;種鱗 4 對,木質,近扁平,背部上方有一彎曲的鉤狀尖頭,中部種鱗各有 1~2 粒種子;種子長卵形,長約 0.4 公分,子葉 2,發芽時出土。當年 10 月毬果成熟。


產地

中國大陸北部,中國各寺廟、公園廣為種植。


使用情況

側柏在台灣多數用於庭園造景之用,莖幹部分也用於木材建築之用,是屬於很好的建築木材。醫療用途則用於治咯血,胃腸道出血,尿血,功能性子宮出血,慢性氣管炎,脫髮。


活性成份

[2-8]

  • 1. 8(14),15-pimaradien-3β,18-diol
  • 2. 8(14),15-isopimaradien-3α,19-diol
  • 3. 8(14),15-pimaradien-3α,18-diol
  • 4. 3β-hydroxysandaraopimaric acid
  • 5. 14,15-dihydroxy-8(17),12(E)-labdadien-19-oic acid
  • 6. hinokiol
  • 7. acacetin
  • 8. Diterpenoid (18-formyloxy-8β-hydroxysandaracopimar-15-ene, 15(R)-n-butoxypinusolidic acid, 15,16-dihydro-15,16-dimethoxylambertianic acid, pinusolide , pinusolidic acid, 15-hydroxy-8(17),13-labdadien-19-oic acid (isocupressic acid), trans -communic acid, 15-methoxypinusolidic acid, 8(17),13,16-labdatriene-19-oic acid (daniellic acid), cedrol, totarol, isopimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid, isopimara-7,15-dien-18-oic acid (isopimaric acid), isopimara-7,15-dien-3β –ol, isopimara-7,15-dien-3β ,18-diol)
  • 9. Essential oils (α-pinene (29.2%), Δ-3-carene (20.1%), α-cedrol (9.8%), caryophyllene (7.5%), α-humulene (5.6%), limonene (5.4%), α-terpinolene (3.8%) and α-terpinyl acetate (3.5%))
  • 10. Flavonoids (cupressuflavone, amentoflavone, robustaflavone, afzelin , (+)-catechin, quercitrin, hypolaetin 7-O -β -xylopyranoside, isoquercitrin, myricitrin)
  • 11. (–)-savinin
  • 12. (–)-hinokinin
  • 13. dehydroheliobuphthalmin
  • 14. essential oil (thujone)


活性研究

  • 1. 抗發炎(anti-inflammatory) [2]
    • in vitro & ex vivo:給予老鼠巨噬細胞(RAW 264.7細胞株)側柏的氯仿萃取物(CHL)和活性成分hinokiol及acacetin,顯著的抑制5-hydroxy-eicosa-tetra-enoic acid (5-HETE)及leukotrieneB4 (LTB4)形成。Cell-free assays指出CHL和hinokiol及acacetin可抑制5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)。同時,CHL及hinokiol也會抑制NO的生合成(biosynthesis),CHL, 8(14),15-pimaradien-3β,18-diol及hinokiol則是抑制腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)的釋出。

  • 2. 抗纖維化(antifibrotic activity)[4]

  • 3. 抗黴菌[5]
    • 側柏葉活性成分之一α-cedrol的抑菌(Alternaria alternata)最小抑菌劑量為30.5 μg。

  • 4. 抗氧化作用
    • 以DPPH scavenging assay測試(+)-catechin, quercitrin, hypolaetin 7-O -β -xylopyranoside, isoquercitrin, myricitrin;IC50分別為28.66, 31.19, 18.30, 26.63 15.10 μM;而以ABTS scavenging assay測試的IC50則分別為6.77, 13.96, 6.97, 22.79 and 9.96 μM [6]。

  • 5. 抗蛋白質酶(antielastase activity)
    • 測試cupressuflavone, amentoflavone, robustaflavone對human neutrophil elastase的抑制效果,IC50分別為8.09, 1.27及1.33 μM[6]。

  • 6. 神經保護作用(neuroprotective)[7]
    • 在0.1-10 μM之間,(–)-savinin, (–)-hinokinin, dehydroheliobuphthalmin都能顯著的有效抑制glutamine引起的神經傷害。


毒性研究

  • 症狀
    • 1. 強直陣攣性痙攣(tonico-clonic convulsion)[8]

  • 有毒成分
    • 1. thujone[8]

  • 中毒劑量
    • 未知

  • 機轉
    • 未知

  • 神經毒性
    • 1. Millet et al.報導病患使用市售側柏精油產品後,產生強直陣攣性痙攣[8] Commercial preparations of essences of sage, hyssop, thuja, and cedar。

  • 過敏
    • 1. 病患接觸到側柏的花粉後,引起氣喘發生[9]。


毒性分級

級數B


參考文獻

1. 臺灣大百科全書 側柏. http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/web/content?ID=25135

2. Fan SY, Zeng HW, Pei YH et al. The anti-inflammatory activities of an extract and compounds isolated from Platycladus orientalis (Linnaeus) Franco in vitro and ex vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2012; 141: 647-652.

3. Kim CS, Choi SU, Lee KR. Three new diterpenoids from the leaves of Thuja orientalis. Planta medica 2012; 78: 485-487.

4. Lee MK, Yang H, Yoon JS et al. Antifibrotic activity of diterpenes from Biota orientalis leaves on hepatic stellate cells. Archives of Pharmacal Research 2008; 31: 866-871.

5. Guleria S, Kumar A, Tiku AK. Chemical composition and fungitoxic activity of essential oil of Thuja orientalis L. grown in the north-western Himalaya. Journal of Biosciences 2008; 63: 211-214.

6. Xu GH, Ryoo IJ, Kim YH et al. Free radical scavenging and antielastase activities of flavonoids from the fruits of Thuja orientalis. Archives of Pharmacal Research 2009; 32: 275-282.

7. Yoon JS, Koo KA, Ma CJ et al. Neuroprotective Lignans from Biota orientalis leaves. Natural Product Sciences 2008; 14: 167-170.

8. Millet Y, Jouglard J, Steinmetz MD et al. Toxicity of some essential plant oils. Clinical and experimental study. Clinical Toxicology 1981; 18: 1485-1498.

9. Fiorina A, Scordamaglia A, Fumagalli F et al. Aerobiological diagnosis of respiratory allergy by a personal sampler: two case reports. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology 2003; 13: 284-285.

中英文學名 科別 毒性 症狀
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