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栗蕨 - 修訂歷史
2024-03-29T14:49:15Z
本站上此頁的修訂歷史
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Kmutox520: /* 毒性分級 */
2012-10-30T13:14:01Z
<p><span class="autocomment">毒性分級</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←上一修訂</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">在2012年10月30日 (二) 13:14所做的修訂版本</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=4>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E 級數B<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,等級3</del>]</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=4>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E 級數B]</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''參考文獻''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''參考文獻''' ==</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php?title=%E6%A0%97%E8%95%A8&diff=2722&oldid=prev
Kmutox520: /* 外觀簡述 */
2012-10-30T13:13:33Z
<p><span class="autocomment">外觀簡述</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←上一修訂</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">在2012年10月30日 (二) 13:13所做的修訂版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第42行:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''外觀簡述''' == </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''外觀簡述'''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[1]</ins>== </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=4> 葉長沒有一定標準,可長達一到數公尺。二回或三回羽狀葉,葉呈紙質狀(papyraceous)或革質狀(subcoriaceous) </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=4> 葉長沒有一定標準,可長達一到數公尺。二回或三回羽狀葉,葉呈紙質狀(papyraceous)或革質狀(subcoriaceous) </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><font size=4>[1]</font></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''植物圖片''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''植物圖片''' ==</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php?title=%E6%A0%97%E8%95%A8&diff=2186&oldid=prev
Kmutox520在2012年7月3日 (二) 12:15
2012-07-03T12:15:35Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←上一修訂</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">在2012年7月3日 (二) 12:15所做的修訂版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第1行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第1行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">E7</del>%<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A2</del>%<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">97</del>%<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">E8</del>%<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">95</del>%<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A8%E7%A7%91 返回上一頁</del>]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">__NOTOC__</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{|</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">||</ins>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">E5</ins>%<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AD</ins>%<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B8</ins>%<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">E5</ins>%<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">90</ins>%<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">8D 中英文學名</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">||[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E7%A2%97%E8%95%A8%E7%A7%91 科別]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">||[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7 毒性]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">||[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E7%97%87%E7%8B%80 症狀]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''基本資料''' == </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''基本資料''' == </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''科別'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''科別'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>碗蕨科 Dennstaedtiaceae</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>碗蕨科 Dennstaedtiaceae</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''屬名'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''屬名'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>栗蕨屬 ''Histiopteris (Ag.) J. Sm.''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>栗蕨屬 ''Histiopteris (Ag.) J. Sm.''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''中文學名'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''中文學名'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>栗蕨 </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>栗蕨 </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''拉丁學名'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''拉丁學名'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>''Histiopteris incisa'' (Thunb.) J. Sm.</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>''Histiopteris incisa'' (Thunb.) J. Sm.</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''英文名稱'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''英文名稱'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>> Incised Histiopteris </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>> Incised Histiopteris </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''中文俗名'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''中文俗名'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>> 北投羊齒、溫泉蕨 </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>> 北投羊齒、溫泉蕨 </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[1]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><font size=4></ins>[1]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''栗蕨簡介''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''栗蕨簡介''' ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>蕨為世界上最長見的植物物種之一,主要分布在熱帶及亞熱帶地區[1]。由於生長在野外,因此牛羊放牧時,可能會被牛羊食入,曾有文獻報導牛隻吃入蕨之後中毒的情況[2],而牛隻食入蕨之後,所產出的奶也帶有蕨的有毒成份在內[3]。栗蕨為蕨的一種,在蕨的有毒成份ptaquiloside被分離確認之後,栗蕨也經分析發現帶有此種有毒成分。Ptaquiloside存於多數的蕨當中,且具有基因毒性存在,會與DNA共價(covalent)結合形成DNA adduct導致DNA斷裂,因此不可食用[4-6]。</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>蕨為世界上最長見的植物物種之一,主要分布在熱帶及亞熱帶地區[1]。由於生長在野外,因此牛羊放牧時,可能會被牛羊食入,曾有文獻報導牛隻吃入蕨之後中毒的情況[2],而牛隻食入蕨之後,所產出的奶也帶有蕨的有毒成份在內[3]。栗蕨為蕨的一種,在蕨的有毒成份ptaquiloside被分離確認之後,栗蕨也經分析發現帶有此種有毒成分。Ptaquiloside存於多數的蕨當中,且具有基因毒性存在,會與DNA共價(covalent)結合形成DNA adduct導致DNA斷裂,因此不可食用[4-6]。</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''外觀簡述''' == </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''外觀簡述''' == </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''莖'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''莖'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>> 根莖長條匍匐狀,外表披覆有栗色鱗片。柄長可達15-200公分,柄肥大,深色近黑,外表光亮,直徑可達1.5公分。 </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>> 根莖長條匍匐狀,外表披覆有栗色鱗片。柄長可達15-200公分,柄肥大,深色近黑,外表光亮,直徑可達1.5公分。 </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>'''葉'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>'''葉'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>> 葉長沒有一定標準,可長達一到數公尺。二回或三回羽狀葉,葉呈紙質狀(papyraceous)或革質狀(subcoriaceous) </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>> 葉長沒有一定標準,可長達一到數公尺。二回或三回羽狀葉,葉呈紙質狀(papyraceous)或革質狀(subcoriaceous) </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[1]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><font size=4></ins>[1]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''植物圖片''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''植物圖片''' ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><font size=4></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>{| border="2" style="border-collapse;" </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第72行:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第84行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''產地''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''產地''' ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>> 熱帶及亞熱帶地區 </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>> 熱帶及亞熱帶地區 </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''毒性研究''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''毒性研究''' ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>1958年Evans et al.從蕨所引起的牛隻中毒問題發現了以蕨或其萃取物餵食牛隻會造成牛隻產生一些疾病,例如全髓白血病骨髓損傷(panmyeloid bone-marrow damage)、發燒(pyrexia)、腸道內膜損傷(gut-lining damage)及潰瘍(ulceration)等[2]。
1965年Evans and Mason透過動物(大鼠)實驗證實了新鮮的蕨其成分中含有致癌因子後[7],在1983年Niwa et al.從蕨屬植物中分離出了ptaquiloside,後續經研究證實ptaquiloside及其代謝物dienone即為造成腫瘤及基因受損的原因[8, 9]。
1989年,Saito et al.分析了數種蕨類植物是否含有ptaquiloside,當中發現栗蕨(Histiopteris incisa)亦含有此種致癌物質在內[4]。
由於一開始是由於牛隻食入蕨或蕨萃取物而發現蕨所產生的問題,且發現以食入蕨的牛隻所產的牛乳餵食老鼠後,會誘發老鼠產生腫瘤,因此研究認為人類若是飲用此種牛乳也有可能會具有致癌的風險[3, 10]。
除了經口食入的這條途徑之外,目前亦有研究透過動物實驗發現餵食蕨類孢子也會造成上消化道出現DNA adducts[11]。</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>1958年Evans et al.從蕨所引起的牛隻中毒問題發現了以蕨或其萃取物餵食牛隻會造成牛隻產生一些疾病,例如全髓白血病骨髓損傷(panmyeloid bone-marrow damage)、發燒(pyrexia)、腸道內膜損傷(gut-lining damage)及潰瘍(ulceration)等[2]。
1965年Evans and Mason透過動物(大鼠)實驗證實了新鮮的蕨其成分中含有致癌因子後[7],在1983年Niwa et al.從蕨屬植物中分離出了ptaquiloside,後續經研究證實ptaquiloside及其代謝物dienone即為造成腫瘤及基因受損的原因[8, 9]。
1989年,Saito et al.分析了數種蕨類植物是否含有ptaquiloside,當中發現栗蕨(Histiopteris incisa)亦含有此種致癌物質在內[4]。
由於一開始是由於牛隻食入蕨或蕨萃取物而發現蕨所產生的問題,且發現以食入蕨的牛隻所產的牛乳餵食老鼠後,會誘發老鼠產生腫瘤,因此研究認為人類若是飲用此種牛乳也有可能會具有致癌的風險[3, 10]。
除了經口食入的這條途徑之外,目前亦有研究透過動物實驗發現餵食蕨類孢子也會造成上消化道出現DNA adducts[11]。</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>, color=green>'''症狀'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>, color=green>'''症狀'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>目前經體內及體外研究指出,食入含有ptaquiloside成分的蕨會造成DNA的損傷[12-14],及引起膀胱及迴腸的腫瘤生成[15, 16],由先前的動物研究數據顯示餵食大鼠乾燥的牛奶粉(來自以蕨餵食的牛隻),小腸和膀胱產生腫瘤的比率分別約為20%及27%[10]。</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>目前經體內及體外研究指出,食入含有ptaquiloside成分的蕨會造成DNA的損傷[12-14],及引起膀胱及迴腸的腫瘤生成[15, 16],由先前的動物研究數據顯示餵食大鼠乾燥的牛奶粉(來自以蕨餵食的牛隻),小腸和膀胱產生腫瘤的比率分別約為20%及27%[10]。</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*<font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>, color=green>'''毒性成分'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*<font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>, color=green>'''毒性成分'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>1983年Niwa et al.從蕨屬(Pteridium spp.)的植物當中分離出一種成分名為ptaquiloside的倍半帖配醣體類化合物[5, 6]。後續的研究發現ptaquiloside在鹼性環境下則會形成不穩定的活化態(activated form)dienone,而dienone在酸性環境下亦可轉化成為pterosin B[12],而dienone被認為是造成腫瘤產生的最主要因素[8]。</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>1983年Niwa et al.從蕨屬(Pteridium spp.)的植物當中分離出一種成分名為ptaquiloside的倍半帖配醣體類化合物[5, 6]。後續的研究發現ptaquiloside在鹼性環境下則會形成不穩定的活化態(activated form)dienone,而dienone在酸性環境下亦可轉化成為pterosin B[12],而dienone被認為是造成腫瘤產生的最主要因素[8<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]。</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*<font size=4, color=green>'''基因毒性'''</font></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><font size=4> 1965年Evans and Mason首次利用動物實驗發現蕨具有致癌性之後,研究開始朝向找出蕨的致癌物質及致癌機轉。在1983年發現ptaquiloside後,Prakash et al.發現ptaquiloside會使H-ras基因上的第61位遺傳密碼從腺嘌呤(adenine)轉變成嘧啶(pyrimidine),而作用機制為ptaquiloside經鹼性環境轉化成dienone後,dienone會利用結構上的環丙基(cyclopropyl ring)開環後分別與adenine上的第3位氮原子及guanine上的第7位氮原子結合形成DNA adducts[12, 13, 17, 18</ins>]。 </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*<font size=3, color=green>'''基因毒性'''</font></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><font size=3> 1965年Evans and Mason首次利用動物實驗發現蕨具有致癌性之後,研究開始朝向找出蕨的致癌物質及致癌機轉。在1983年發現ptaquiloside後,Prakash et al.發現ptaquiloside會使H-ras基因上的第61位遺傳密碼從腺嘌呤(adenine)轉變成嘧啶(pyrimidine),而作用機制為ptaquiloside經鹼性環境轉化成dienone後,dienone會利用結構上的環丙基(cyclopropyl ring)開環後分別與adenine上的第3位氮原子及guanine上的第7位氮原子結合形成DNA adducts[12, 13, 17, 18]。 </font></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E 級數B,等級3]</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E 級數B,等級3]</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== '''參考文獻''' ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== '''參考文獻''' ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><font size=4></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. 臺灣植物誌第二版編輯委員會. 臺灣植物誌第二版. 臺北: 臺灣植物誌第二版編輯委員會 1994.1: 154.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. 臺灣植物誌第二版編輯委員會. 臺灣植物誌第二版. 臺北: 臺灣植物誌第二版編輯委員會 1994.1: 154.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第145行:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>18. Kushida T, Uesugi M, Sugiura Y et al. [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja00081a007 DNA damage by ptaquiloside, a potent bracken carcinogen: detection of selective strand breaks and identification of DNA cleavage products.] ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'' 1994; 116: 479-486.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>18. Kushida T, Uesugi M, Sugiura Y et al. [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja00081a007 DNA damage by ptaquiloside, a potent bracken carcinogen: detection of selective strand breaks and identification of DNA cleavage products.] ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'' 1994; 116: 479-486.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></font></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">||[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D 中英文學名]</ins></div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php?title=%E6%A0%97%E8%95%A8&diff=1790&oldid=prev
Kmutox520: /* 植物圖片 */
2011-12-17T18:42:49Z
<p><span class="autocomment">植物圖片</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←上一修訂</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">在2011年12月17日 (六) 18:42所做的修訂版本</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨全株</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨全株</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php?title=%E6%A0%97%E8%95%A8&diff=1085&oldid=prev
Kmutox520: /* 參考文獻 */
2011-11-13T03:44:23Z
<p><span class="autocomment">參考文獻</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←上一修訂</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">在2011年11月13日 (日) 03:44所做的修訂版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第97行:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. Evans WC, Evans IA, Thomas AJ et al. Studies on bracken poisoning in cattle. British Veterinary Journal 1958; 114: 180.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. Evans WC, Evans IA, Thomas AJ et al. Studies on bracken poisoning in cattle. British Veterinary Journal 1958; 114: 180.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3. Alonso-Amelot ME, Castillo U, Smith BL, Lauren DR. Bracken ptaquiloside in milk. Nature 1996; 382: 587.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3. Alonso-Amelot ME, Castillo U, Smith BL, Lauren DR. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v382/n6592/abs/382587a0.html </ins>Bracken ptaquiloside in milk.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Nature<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1996; 382: 587.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. Saito K, Nagao T, Matoba M et al. Chemical assay of ptaquiloside, the carcinogen of pteridium aquilinum, and the distribution of related compounds in the pteridaceae. Phytochemistry 1989; 28: 1605-1611.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. Saito K, Nagao T, Matoba M et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942200978087 </ins>Chemical assay of ptaquiloside, the carcinogen of pteridium aquilinum, and the distribution of related compounds in the pteridaceae.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Phytochemistry<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1989; 28: 1605-1611.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>5. Niwa H, Ojika M, Wakamatsu K et al. Stereochemistry of ptaquiloside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside from bracken, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. Tetrahedron Letters 1983; 24: 5371-5372.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>5. Niwa H, Ojika M, Wakamatsu K et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040403900878715 </ins>Stereochemistry of ptaquiloside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside from bracken, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Tetrahedron Letters<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1983; 24: 5371-5372.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>6. Niwa H, Ojika M, Wakamatsu K et al. Ptaquiloside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside from bracken, var. Tetrahedron Letters 1983; 24: 4117-4120.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>6. Niwa H, Ojika M, Wakamatsu K et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040403900882763 </ins>Ptaquiloside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside from bracken, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''Pteridium aquilinum'' </ins>var. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''latiusculum'' .] ''</ins>Tetrahedron Letters<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1983; 24: 4117-4120.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>7. Evans IA, Mason J. Carcinogenic activity of bracken. Nature 1965; 208: 913-914.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>7. Evans IA, Mason J. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965Natur.208..913E </ins>Carcinogenic activity of bracken.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Nature<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1965; 208: 913-914.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>8. Kigoshi H, Imamura Y, Mizuta K et al. Total synthesis of natural (-)-ptaquilosin, the aglycon of a potent bracken carcinogen ptaquiloside and the (+)-enantiomer, and their DNA cleaving activities. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1993; 115: 3056-3065.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>8. Kigoshi H, Imamura Y, Mizuta K et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja00061a003 </ins>Total synthesis of natural (-)-ptaquilosin, the aglycon of a potent bracken carcinogen ptaquiloside and the (+)-enantiomer, and their DNA cleaving activities.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Journal of the American Chemical Society<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1993; 115: 3056-3065.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>9. Mori H, Sugie S, Hirono I et al. Genotoxicity of ptaquiloside, a bracken carcinogen, in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA-repair test. Mutation Research 1985; 143: 75-78.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>9. Mori H, Sugie S, Hirono I et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165799285901083 </ins>Genotoxicity of ptaquiloside, a bracken carcinogen, in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA-repair test.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Mutation Research<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1985; 143: 75-78.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>10. Pamukcu AM, Erturk E, Yalciner S et al. Carcinogenic and mutagenic activities of milk from cows fed bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Cancer Research 1978; 38: 1556-1560.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>10. Pamukcu AM, Erturk E, Yalciner S et al.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/348303 </ins>Carcinogenic and mutagenic activities of milk from cows fed bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Cancer Research<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1978; 38: 1556-1560.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>11. Povey AC, Potter D, O'Connor PJ. 32P-post-labelling analysis of DNA adducts formed in the upper gastrointestinal tissue of mice fed bracken extract or bracken spores. British Journal of Cancer 1996; 74: 1342-1348.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>11. Povey AC, Potter D, O'Connor PJ. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2074780/ </ins>32P-post-labelling analysis of DNA adducts formed in the upper gastrointestinal tissue of mice fed bracken extract or bracken spores.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>British Journal of Cancer<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1996; 74: 1342-1348.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>12. Ojika M, Wakamatsu K, Niwa H, Yamada K. Ptaquiloside, a potent carcinogen isolated from bracken fern var. : structure elucidation based on chemical and spectral evidence, and reactions with amino acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides. Tetrahedron 1987; 43: 5261-5274.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>12. Ojika M, Wakamatsu K, Niwa H, Yamada K. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040402001877024 </ins>Ptaquiloside, a potent carcinogen isolated from bracken fern var. : structure elucidation based on chemical and spectral evidence, and reactions with amino acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Tetrahedron<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1987; 43: 5261-5274.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>13. Ojika M, Sugimoto K, Okazaki T, Yamada K. Modification and cleavage of DNA by ptaquiloside. A new potent carcinogen isolated from bracken fern. Journal of the Chemical Society<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>Chemical Communications 1989; 1775-1777.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>13. Ojika M, Sugimoto K, Okazaki T, Yamada K. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1989/c3/c39890001775 </ins>Modification and cleavage of DNA by ptaquiloside. A new potent carcinogen isolated from bracken fern. Journal of the Chemical Society<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.] ''</ins>Chemical Communications<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1989; 1775-1777.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>14. Shahin M, Moore MR, Worrall S et al. H-ras activation is an early event in the ptaquiloside-induced carcinogenesis: comparison of acute and chronic toxicity in rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1998; 250: 491-497.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>14. Shahin M, Moore MR, Worrall S et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9753659 </ins>H-ras activation is an early event in the ptaquiloside-induced carcinogenesis: comparison of acute and chronic toxicity in rats.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1998; 250: 491-497.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>15. Pamukcu AM, Göksoy SK, Price JM. Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Induced by Feeding Bracken Fern (Pteris aquilina) to Cows. Cancer Research 1967; 27: 917-924.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>15. Pamukcu AM, Göksoy SK, Price JM. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/27/5_Part_1/917.short </ins>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Induced by Feeding Bracken Fern (Pteris aquilina) to Cows.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Cancer Research<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1967; 27: 917-924.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>16. Price JM, Pamukcu AM. The Induction of Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder of the Cow and the Small Intestine of the Rat by Feeding Bracken Fern (Pteris aquilina). Cancer Research 1968; 28: 2247-2251.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>16. Price JM, Pamukcu AM. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/28/11/2247 </ins>The Induction of Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder of the Cow and the Small Intestine of the Rat by Feeding Bracken Fern (Pteris aquilina).<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Cancer Research<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1968; 28: 2247-2251.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>17. Prakash AS, Pereira TN, Smith BL et al. Mechanism of bracken fern carcinogenesis: evidence for H-ras activation via initial adenine alkylation by ptaquiloside. Natural toxins 1996; 4: 221-227.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>17. Prakash AS, Pereira TN, Smith BL et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8946397 </ins>Mechanism of bracken fern carcinogenesis: evidence for H-ras activation via initial adenine alkylation by ptaquiloside.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Natural toxins<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1996; 4: 221-227.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>18. Kushida T, Uesugi M, Sugiura Y et al. DNA damage by ptaquiloside, a potent bracken carcinogen: detection of selective strand breaks and identification of DNA cleavage products. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1994; 116: 479-486.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>18. Kushida T, Uesugi M, Sugiura Y et al. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja00081a007 </ins>DNA damage by ptaquiloside, a potent bracken carcinogen: detection of selective strand breaks and identification of DNA cleavage products.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">] ''</ins>Journal of the American Chemical Society<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>1994; 116: 479-486.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E7%A2%97%E8%95%A8%E7%A7%91 返回上一頁]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E7%A2%97%E8%95%A8%E7%A7%91 返回上一頁]</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520: /* 毒性研究 */
2011-11-13T03:34:25Z
<p><span class="autocomment">毒性研究</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*<font size=3, color=green>'''基因毒性'''</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*<font size=3, color=green>'''基因毒性'''</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=3> 1965年Evans and Mason首次利用動物實驗發現蕨具有致癌性之後,研究開始朝向找出蕨的致癌物質及致癌機轉。在1983年發現ptaquiloside後,Prakash et al.發現ptaquiloside會使H-ras基因上的第61位遺傳密碼從腺嘌呤(adenine)轉變成嘧啶(pyrimidine),而作用機制為ptaquiloside經鹼性環境轉化成dienone後,dienone會利用結構上的環丙基(cyclopropyl ring)開環後分別與adenine上的第3位氮原子及guanine上的第7位氮原子結合形成DNA adducts[12, 13, 17, 18]。 </font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=3> 1965年Evans and Mason首次利用動物實驗發現蕨具有致癌性之後,研究開始朝向找出蕨的致癌物質及致癌機轉。在1983年發現ptaquiloside後,Prakash et al.發現ptaquiloside會使H-ras基因上的第61位遺傳密碼從腺嘌呤(adenine)轉變成嘧啶(pyrimidine),而作用機制為ptaquiloside經鹼性環境轉化成dienone後,dienone會利用結構上的環丙基(cyclopropyl ring)開環後分別與adenine上的第3位氮原子及guanine上的第7位氮原子結合形成DNA adducts[12, 13, 17, 18]。 </font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*<font size=3, color=green>'''中毒劑量'''</font></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><font size=3> </font></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
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Kmutox520: /* 毒性分級 */
2011-11-13T03:34:14Z
<p><span class="autocomment">毒性分級</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=3>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E 級數B,]</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=3>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E 級數B,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">等級3</ins>]</font></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''參考文獻''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''參考文獻''' ==</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
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Kmutox520: /* 毒性分級 */
2011-11-13T03:33:14Z
<p><span class="autocomment">毒性分級</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=='''毒性分級'''==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=3>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Class B1</del>]</font></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><font size=3>[http://tcm-toxic.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">級數B,</ins>]</font></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''參考文獻''' ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== '''參考文獻''' ==</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
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Kmutox520: /* 植物圖片 */
2011-11-13T03:31:48Z
<p><span class="autocomment">植物圖片</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨幼葉</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨幼葉</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">||</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[檔案:栗蕨21.png|350px|栗蕨]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">栗蕨</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|}</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520
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Kmutox520: /* 植物圖片 */
2011-11-13T03:30:33Z
<p><span class="autocomment">植物圖片</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨葉正面</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>栗蕨葉正面</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">||</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[檔案:栗蕨-嫩芽2.png|350px|栗蕨-嫩芽]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">栗蕨-嫩芽</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>||</div></td></tr>
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Kmutox520